Protection for non-Jewish religious sites in the Old City primarily relies on the Status Quo, an arrangement established in the 19th century to maintain the existing rights and ownership of various Christian and Muslim communities. Additionally, international law, including the Fourth Geneva Convention, provides a framework intended to protect cultural and religious property in occupied territories. Local administrative frameworks are also meant to regulate access and preserve the sanctity of these holy sites.
However, these mechanisms are often deemed insufficient due to the complex political reality on the ground. Enforcement of the Status Quo is frequently challenged by shifting demographics and increasing settler activity. Critics argue that security protocols often prioritize certain interests over others, leading to uneven protection during periods of heightened tension. Furthermore, the lack of a unified, enforceable international oversight mechanism means that when violations occur, there are limited legal tools to provide immediate or permanent remedies. This creates a disconnect between the theoretical protections offered by international law and the practical reality of maintaining stability and safety for all religious institutions in the city.
