The increase in autism prevalence is a complex topic involving both medical science and how we identify the condition. Experts generally agree that the rise is not caused by a single factor, but rather a combination of better diagnostic tools and expanded criteria.
From a genetic perspective, research shows that autism is highly heritable. Hundreds of different gene variations are linked to how the brain develops. While some cases are caused by specific genetic mutations, others involve complex interactions between many different genes. However, scientists emphasize that these genetic factors were likely always present in the population; we are simply getting better at identifying them.
Physiologically, advances in neuroscience allow doctors to observe brain connectivity patterns more clearly than in previous decades. Additionally, the diagnostic criteria in manuals like the DSM-5 have expanded. In the past, many individuals might have been labeled with different developmental labels or missed entirely. Therefore, the rise from 1 in 150 to 1 in 36 is largely attributed to improved screening, better awareness among parents and doctors, and a more inclusive way of defining the autism spectrum.
