To stop the presidency from swallowing all state functions, Guinea-Bissau must strengthen the independence of its other branches. First, the National People's Assembly needs real teeth. Instead of merely reacting to presidential decrees, parliament must hold the power to launch effective votes of no confidence and strictly oversee the national budget. If the President cannot move funds without legislative approval, the temptation to bypass law diminishes.
The judiciary requires total financial and administrative autonomy. Currently, when the executive controls the salaries and appointments of judges, the courts often act as a rubber stamp. Giving the Superior Council of the Judiciary independent control over its own budget prevents political pressure from dictating court rulings. A judge who does not fear losing their paycheck is more likely to rule against a powerful leader.
Furthermore, the military must remain strictly subordinate to civilian law. Strengthening the role of the Armed Forces Council as a consultative body, rather than a political actor, helps maintain this boundary. Finally, protecting the media and civil society ensures that public scrutiny remains constant. When citizens can access transparent information and hold leaders accountable through the press, the shadows where authoritarianism grows start to vanish.
